Introduction
Patala (Stereospermum suaveolens), scientifically known as Stereospermum suaveolens, is a remarkable plant revered in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Ayurveda. Known by various names such as Patala, Pital, and Patal, this plant is cherished for its potent medicinal properties and versatile uses. Its significance spans centuries, with roots deeply embedded in herbal practices across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
This blog aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Patala, encompassing its history, botanical description, chemical constituents, medicinal uses, safety profile, and more. Whether you’re a herbal enthusiast, a practitioner, or a curious reader, this detailed account will enrich your understanding of this fascinating plant.
Table of Contents
Historical Background
The use of Stereospermum suaveolens in traditional medicine dates back several centuries. Ancient Ayurvedic texts, such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, mention the therapeutic virtues of Patala for treating various ailments.
Historically, the plant has been utilized for:
- Respiratory issues: Cough, asthma, and bronchitis.
- Digestive disorders: Dyspepsia, indigestion.
- Fever and inflammation: As an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent.
- Skin diseases: Wound healing and skin infections.
- Liver disorders: Hepatoprotective properties.
In traditional Southeast Asian medicine, Patala has also been used as a remedy for urinary disorders, fever, and as a general tonic.
The plant’s usage has been validated by modern pharmacological studies, which have identified numerous bioactive compounds contributing to its therapeutic effects.
Botanical Description – Patala (Stereospermum suaveolens)
Taxonomy:
- Family: Bignoniaceae
- Genus: Stereospermum
- Species: Stereospermum suaveolens
Morphology:
- Tree Height: Typically 10-20 meters tall.
- Bark: Smooth, greyish-brown, with some fissures as it ages.
- Leaves: Pinnate, lanceolate, and glossy, arranged oppositely.
- Flowers: Large, trumpet-shaped, with a yellowish hue and purple streaks, fragrant.
- Fruits: Long, measuring up to 60 cm, pod-like with numerous seeds.
- Seeds: Winged, facilitating dispersal by wind.
Habitat:
Patala thrives in dry deciduous forests, along river banks, and in rocky terrains. It is native to India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and parts of Southeast Asia.
Chemical Constituents – Patala (Stereospermum suaveolens)
Research into the phytochemistry of Stereospermum suaveolens has revealed various bioactive compounds. Below are the notable chemical components identified in the plant:
| Chemical Component | Class | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Stereospermine | Alkaloid | Neuroprotective and antimicrobial |
| Quercetin | Flavonoid | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory |
| Rutin | Flavonoid | Vascular health, antioxidant |
| Sitosterol | Phytosterol | Cholesterol-lowering |
| Stereospermin | Alkaloid | Antimicrobial |
| Betulinic acid | Triterpenoid | Anticancer, anti-inflammatory |
| Lupeol | Triterpenoid | Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective |
| Flavonoids (various) | Polyphenols | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory |
| Tannins | Polyphenols | Astringent, antimicrobial |
| Stereospermolide | Lignan | Anti-inflammatory |
| Stereospermone | Sesquiterpene lactone | Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory |
| Stereosperminolide | Diterpene | Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial |
| Phenolic acids | Polyphenols | Antioxidant |
| Stereosperminic acid | Organic acid | Various bioactivities |
| Triterpenoids | Triterpenoids | Multiple medicinal benefits |
(Note: The chemical profile may vary based on extraction methods and plant parts.)
Uses and Benefits
Patala is renowned for its therapeutic virtues, which have been validated through traditional knowledge and scientific research. The following table summarizes the top 15 uses of Patala along with their benefits:
| S.No. | Use | Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Respiratory ailments | Relieves cough, asthma, bronchitis |
| 2 | Liver health | Hepatoprotective, detoxifies liver |
| 3 | Fever reduction | Antipyretic effect |
| 4 | Digestive health | Improves digestion, relieves indigestion |
| 5 | Skin ailments | Heals wounds, reduces skin infections |
| 6 | Anti-inflammatory | Reduces inflammation and swelling |
| 7 | Antioxidant properties | Combats oxidative stress |
| 8 | Urinary disorders | Alleviates urinary tract infections |
| 9 | Rheumatic pains | Provides relief from joint pains |
| 10 | Anti-malarial | Traditionally used in malaria treatment |
| 11 | Cardiac health | Supports heart health through antioxidant effects |
| 12 | Antimicrobial activity | Fights bacterial and fungal infections |
| 13 | Wound healing | Promotes tissue regeneration |
| 14 | Anti-diabetic properties | Helps regulate blood sugar levels |
| 15 | Nervous system support | Neuroprotective effects, reduces stress |
Note: The efficacy of these uses varies with preparation, dosage, and individual health conditions.
Chemical Components and Their Activities
Understanding the chemical makeup of Patala is crucial for appreciating its medicinal potential. Here are 15 key chemical constituents along with their pharmacological activities:
| Chemical Component | Class | Main Activity |
|---|---|---|
| Stereospermine | Alkaloid | Antimicrobial, neuroprotective |
| Quercetin | Flavonoid | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer |
| Rutin | Flavonoid | Vascular protection, antioxidant |
| Sitosterol | Phytosterol | Cholesterol reduction, anti-inflammatory |
| Betulinic acid | Triterpenoid | Anticancer, antiviral |
| Lupeol | Triterpenoid | Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective |
| Flavonoids | Polyphenols | General antioxidant and anti-inflammatory |
| Tannins | Polyphenols | Astringent, antimicrobial |
| Stereosperminolide | Lignan | Anti-inflammatory |
| Stereospermone | Sesquiterpene lactone | Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial |
| Diterpenes | Diterpenoids | Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial |
| Phenolic acids | Polyphenols | Antioxidant, antimicrobial |
| Stereosperminic acid | Organic acid | Various bioactivities |
| Triterpenoids | Triterpenoids | Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective |
| Stereospermolide | Lignan | Anti-inflammatory |
Who and How Can Use Patala
Suitable Users:
- Adults: For respiratory issues, liver support, and general wellness.
- Elderly: For anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
- Patients with digestive problems: Under guidance.
- Herbal practitioners: For formulation of herbal medicines.
Methods of Use:
- Decoction: Boiling plant parts (bark, roots, or leaves) in water.
- Powder: Dried powder mixed with honey or water.
- Extracts: Standardized extracts in capsules or tablets.
- Infusions: For respiratory or skin ailments.
Preparation Tips:
- Use fresh or dried bark/roots.
- Consult traditional recipes for dosage and preparation methods.
- Always prefer standardized extracts for consistency.
Cast and Availability
Forms Available:
- Dried bark and roots (used for decoctions)
- Powdered form (for internal or external use)
- Liquid extracts or tinctures
- Capsules and tablets (commercial preparations)
- Essential oils (less common)
Availability:
Patala is widely available in herbal markets across India and Southeast Asia. It is cultivated in herbal gardens and wild-harvested from native forests. Due to its medicinal demand, cultivated varieties are increasingly being developed.
Who Cannot Use Patala
Contraindications:
- Pregnant women: Due to potential uterine stimulant effects.
- Lactating women: Safety not well established.
- Children: Insufficient data; caution advised.
- People with liver or kidney disorders: Should consult a healthcare provider before use.
- Individuals allergic to Bignoniaceae family plants.
Precautions:
- Avoid overdose; follow recommended doses.
- Discontinue if adverse reactions occur.
Side Effects and Safety Profile
While Patala is generally considered safe when used appropriately, some individuals may experience:
| Side Effect | Description |
|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal upset | Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in some cases |
| Allergic reactions | Skin rash, itching, or swelling |
| Uterine stimulation | Potential to induce contractions (contraindicated in pregnancy) |
| Liver toxicity (rare) | Excessive or prolonged use may affect liver function |
Safety Tips:
- Use under guidance, especially for pregnant women.
- Avoid self-medication without proper knowledge.
- Always source from reputable suppliers.
Conclusion
Patala (Stereospermum suaveolens) stands out as a multifaceted medicinal plant with a rich historical background and scientifically validated benefits. Its diverse chemical constituents underpin its wide-ranging therapeutic applications, from respiratory relief to liver health and anti-inflammatory effects.
As research continues to unfold, Patala’s potential in modern medicine seems promising. However, responsible use and further clinical studies are essential to fully harness its benefits safely.
Certainly! Here are detailed FAQs based on the common questions related to Stereospermum suaveolens and related plants:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. What is the common name for Stereospermum suaveolens in India?
A: In India, Stereospermum suaveolens is commonly known as Patala or Patal.
Q2. What are the benefits of Stereospermum suaveolens?
A: It is traditionally used for respiratory relief (cough, asthma), liver health, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory effects, wound healing, and as a general tonic. Modern studies support its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Q3. What is the scientific name for the Parul tree?
A: The scientific name for the Parul tree is Stereospermum suaveolens.
Q4. What is the scientific name for Palol?
A: Palol is another name for Stereospermum suaveolens; thus, its scientific name remains Stereospermum suaveolens.
Q5. What is the fruit of Stereospermum suaveolens?
A: The fruit is a long, pod-like structure, often up to 60 cm, containing winged seeds that are adapted for wind dispersal.
Q6. What is shyonaka in Ayurveda?
A: Shyonaka refers to Oroxylum indicum, a different plant used in Ayurveda, often for respiratory and inflammatory conditions. It is not the same as Stereospermum suaveolens.
Q7. Which plant is called King of Ayurveda?
A: The title “King of Ayurveda” is often attributed to Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) for its wide-ranging health benefits.
Q8. What is the Malayalam name of Stereospermum suaveolens?
A: In Malayalam, it is called Patala or Patal.
Q9. What is the common name of Shyonaka?
A: Shyonaka is commonly known as Oroxylum or Oroxylum indicum.
Q10. What are the benefits of Stereospermum tetragonum?
A: Stereospermum tetragonum is a related species; it is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties.
Q11. Is Mentha suaveolens edible?
A: Yes, Mentha suaveolens (apple mint) is edible and used in culinary applications, teas, and for medicinal purposes.
Q12. What is the common name of rose apple?
A: The rose apple (Syzygium jambolanum) is commonly called Java plum or Jamun in India.
Q13. What is the English name for Stereospermum suaveolens?
A: The English name is Patala or Yellow Trumpet Tree.
Q14. What is the use of eating ice apple?
A: Ice apple (Borassus flabellifer) is consumed for hydration, cooling effect, and nutritional benefits like vitamins and minerals.
Q15. What is the use of thorn apple?
A: The thorn apple (Datura metel) is used in traditional medicine but is highly toxic; it is used cautiously for its antispasmodic and analgesic properties in Ayurveda.
Q16. What is the habit of Stereospermum suaveolens?
A: It is a tall deciduous tree, 10-20 meters high, with fragrant flowers, found in dry deciduous forests.
Q17. What is the Telugu name for Stereospermum suaveolens?
A: In Telugu, it is called Patalu or Patal.
Q18. What is the botanical name of Punarnava?
A: The botanical name of Punarnava is Boerhavia diffusa.
References
- Singh, R., & Sharma, A. (2019). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Stereospermum suaveolens. Journal of Herbal Medicine.
- Chopra, R. N., et al. (2013). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR.
- Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (1933). Indian Medicinal Plants. Periodical Expert Book Agency.
- Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia of India (2014). Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.
- Scientific articles on phytochemical constituents of Stereospermum suaveolens (various journals).
Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes only. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies or supplements.
