Siddha,10000 yrs old medicine: uses, benefits & side effects

Introduction to Siddha Medicine

Siddha medicine is one of the most ancient traditional systems of medicine, originating in the southern region of India, primarily Tamil Nadu. It is deeply rooted in the Dravidian civilization and is believed to have existed for over 10,000 years, as suggested by literary evidence from the Sangam Era. The name “Siddha” came from the Sanskrit word Siddhi, meaning attainment of perfection. The system emphasizes the holistic well-being of an individual, encompassing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual health.

Siddha medicine is said to have divine origins, with its foundational knowledge attributed to Lord Shiva, who imparted it to his consort Parvati. This knowledge was later passed on to sage Agasthyar, considered the father of it. The contributions of 18 Siddhars, or sages, have been instrumental in developing this comprehensive medical system. These Siddhars believed in preserving the body as an instrument for spiritual liberation (mukthi), emphasizing practices such as alchemy (vatham), treatment (vaidhyam), yoga (yogam), and knowledge (gnanam).

its system is based on the principles of anda pinda thathuvam, which denotes the relationship between the human body and the universe. It considers the body to be composed of five basic elements—earth, water, fire, air, and sky—and governed by three humors (mukkuttram): Vaadham (air), Pittham (fire), and Kapam (water). Health is seen as a state of balance among these humors, while diseases arise from their imbalance due to factors like diet, lifestyle, and environmental changes..

Historic Evidence and Relevance of Siddha Medicine to the World and India

The system of medicine stands as one of the oldest traditional healing systems, with roots extending deep into the Dravidian civilization of ancient India. Historical records and literary evidence suggest that its medicine dates back over 10,000 years, with the Sangam Era providing critical documentation of its practices and principles. The name “Siddha” originates from the Sanskrit term Siddhi, meaning perfection or accomplishment, reflecting its focus on achieving physical and spiritual harmony.

The origins are intertwined with the mythological and spiritual heritage of India. It is said to have been introduced by Lord Shiva, who shared the knowledge with his consort Parvati. This divine wisdom was then passed on to sage Agasthyar, revered as the father of Siddha medicine, and subsequently to other Siddhars. The 18 Siddhars are credited with developing and systematizing this practice through their contributions in texts written in Tamil

it is believed to have divine origins, attributed to Lord Shiva, who passed the knowledge to his consort Parvati. She then conveyed it to Nandi, who taught nine Devtas. The sage Agasthyar, considered the father of Siddha medicine, codified this knowledge. The system was further enriched by 18 prominent Siddhars, including Thirumoolar, Bogar, and Yugimuni. Siddhars considered the human body a vessel for attaining spiritual liberation (mukthi) and maintained it through practices like alchemy (vatham), treatment (vaidhyam), yoga (yogam), and knowledge (gnanam).

it’s pharmacology is vast, covering treatments derived from plants, minerals, and animal products. The system’s classification of medicines into internal and external applications highlights its depth, with formulations ranging from herbal remedies to complex alchemical preparations like parpam and chendooram. This sophisticated understanding of natural resources underscores Siddha’s relevance in modern discussions of sustainable healthcare.

Relevance to India

In India, remains a significant pillar of traditional healthcare, especially in Tamil Nadu. Institutions such as the National Institute of Siddha and research centers under the Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) have been established to preserve, promote, and modernize the system. Educational programs offering degrees like BSMS (Bachelor in Siddha Medicine and Surgery) and MD in Siddha Medicine ensure the continuation of its practices. it is also integrated into India’s broader healthcare framework, providing affordable and culturally resonant treatment options.

The system’s focus on holistic well-being, including diet, lifestyle, and spiritual practices, aligns with global trends in preventive medicine and wellness. Its therapies, such as kayakalpa (rejuvenation therapy), varma (vital point stimulation), and pulse diagnosis (nadi), contribute to its growing appeal beyond India.

Global Relevance

Globally, it is getting recognition as an alternate and complementary medicine and therapy. Its emphasis on natural remedies and holistic healing resonates in a world increasingly inclined toward sustainable and integrative healthcare practices. The rising interest in yoga, meditation, and herbal medicine has further spotlighted its relevance. Research collaborations and global wellness initiatives continue to explore its potential in addressing chronic and lifestyle-related diseases.

Despite challenges, such as skepticism from modern medical institutions and the need for rigorous scientific validation, its medicine’s ancient wisdom and holistic approach make it a valuable contributor to global healthcare. Its enduring presence in India and its growing influence worldwide highlight its historical and contemporary significance, bridging ancient traditions and modern wellness paradigms.

Core Concepts of Siddha:the Three Humours (Three Dosha) in Siddha Medicine

The system of medicine is based on the concept of three fundamental humours, referred to as mukkuttram in Tamil, which govern the physiological and pathological functions of the human body. These humours, known as Vali (Vatham), Azhal (Pitham), and Iyyam (Kapham), are believed to be the life forces that maintain harmony and balance within the body. Their equilibrium is essential for health, while any disturbance leads to disease.

1. Vali (Vatham) or Vaadham (Air):

Vali corresponds to air and space elements and is associated with movement and energy in the body. It governs physical activities, respiration, sensory functions, and the nervous system. In a healthy state, Vali ensures proper coordination between the body and mind. When imbalanced, it can lead to conditions such as joint pain, anxiety, and insomnia.

2. Azhal (Pitham) Pittham (Fire):

Azhal represents the fire element and is responsible for metabolism, digestion, and body temperature regulation. It influences cognitive functions, appetite, and skin complexion. An imbalance in Pitham may result in issues like acidity, inflammation, and anger.

3. Iyyam (Kapham) Kapam (Water):

Iyyam corresponds to water and earth elements and governs structure, stability, and lubrication in the body. It ensures the proper functioning of joints, immunity, and emotional stability. Excess Iyyam can lead to problems like congestion, obesity, and lethargy.

Interdependence and Diagnosis

The three humours exist in a natural ratio of 4:2:1 (Vali:Pitham:Iyyam) in a healthy individual. Factors such as diet, lifestyle, environment, and stress influence their balance. Pulse diagnosis (nadi) is a critical method used in Siddha medicine to assess the state of these humours and identify imbalances. By understanding and addressing disturbances in mukkuttram, it aims to restore harmony, ensuring holistic well-being.

Pharmacology and Herbalism in Siddha Medicine

Pharmacology in Siddha medicine, known as Gunapadam, is an integral aspect of the system, dealing with the preparation, properties, and therapeutic applications of medicines. Siddha pharmacology emphasizes the use of natural substances from plants, minerals, and animal origins to treat various ailments, maintain health, and promote longevity. The unique strength of its medicine lies in its holistic approach to drug formulation, blending ancient wisdom with precise methods.

Sources of Medicines

The raw materials in it are categorized into three groups:

Mooligai (Herbal origin): These include leaves, roots, barks, flowers, and fruits. Herbs form the foundation of most Siddha remedies.
Thathu (Mineral origin): This includes metals, salts, and non-metals such as mercury, sulfur, and arsenic compounds. These are purified and processed meticulously to ensure safety and efficacy.
Jeevam (Animal origin): Substances such as coral, conch, musk, honey, and milk are utilized in specific formulations.

Classification of Medicines

its medicines are broadly divided into two categories based on their mode of application:

Internal Medicines: These include powders, decoctions, pills, and metallic preparations like parpam and chendooram. They address systemic conditions and can have effects that last for years.
External Medicines: These include pastes, oils, inhalations, fomentations, and bandaging techniques. They are used for localized treatment and physical manipulation.

Herbalism, safety and Efficacy in Siddha

Herbal treatments are designed to align with the individual’s mukkuttram (humour) imbalance. Herbs are often combined in specific proportions to enhance their therapeutic properties.

its practitioners ensure that substances are thoroughly purified and prepared using traditional methods to avoid toxicity. This meticulous process highlights the system’s emphasis on safe and effective treatment.

Treatment Methods in siddha

its employs a comprehensive approach to treatment, categorized into three distinct methods: Deva Maruthuvam (Divine), Manida Maruthuvam (Rational), and Asura Maruthuvam (Surgical). Each method is tailored to address specific conditions and the individual’s constitution.

Deva Maruthuvam (Divine Method): This involves the use of subtle medicines like parpam (calcined preparations), chendooram (metallic powders), and guruguligai. These are highly refined and used for chronic and severe conditions.
Manida Maruthuvam (Rational Method): This focuses on herbal remedies such as kudineer (decoctions), chooranam (powders), and vatagam (tablets). It is commonly used for day-to-day ailments and preventive care.
Asura Maruthuvam (Surgical Method): Techniques such as incision, excision, bloodletting, and leech therapy are employed for surgical and physical interventions.

Emphasis is also placed on lifestyle modifications, dietary regulations, yoga, and varma therapy to restore balance and promote holistic healing.

Regulation and Education

it is one of the oldest traditional medical systems, originating in Tamil Nadu, India. It emphasizes holistic healing through natural remedies, herbs, diet, and lifestyle. The rules and regulations governing its medicine in India fall under the Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy). Practitioners must be registered with the Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM), ensuring ethical practice, education, and research standards. Additionally, medicines produced under Siddha must comply with the Drugs and Cosmetics Act to ensure safety and quality.

Education follows structured courses regulated by the Ministry of AYUSH. Institutions offer undergraduate programs like the Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery (BSMS), spanning 5.5 years, including an internship. Postgraduate programs and doctoral studies allow deeper specialization. Admission to Siddha programs requires passing national-level entrance exams like NEET. Students study anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and Siddha-specific subjects, including Varma Kalai (vital points) and herbal pharmacology. Practical training is integral, emphasizing diagnosis and treatment methods.

Through its rules and educational framework, Siddha aims to preserve ancient knowledge while ensuring practitioners adhere to scientific and ethical standards. Its focus on prevention and holistic care makes it a valuable part of India’s healthcare system.

The Indian government oversees its medicine under AYUSH (Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy). Institutions like Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University and the National Institute of Siddha offer degrees such as BSMS (Bachelor in Siddha Medicine and Surgery) and MD (Doctor of Medicine, Siddha). The Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) regulates education and grants recognition to qualified practitioners.

its practitioners can prescribe medications under the Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India (SPI). However, prescribing modern medicine is regarded as quackery by the Indian Medical Association (IMA).

Contemporary Challenges and Criticism of Siddha Medicine

it is one of the oldest traditional systems of medicine rooted in South Indian culture, has been a pillar of holistic healing for centuries. However, as the world progresses and healthcare systems evolve, its medicine faces several contemporary challenges and criticisms. Below is an exploration of the issues affecting its development, acceptance, and practice in the modern world.

1. Lack of Standardization and Regulation

One of the most significant challenges its medicine faces is the lack of standardization in formulations and practices. Unlike allopathy, this medicines often lack a universally accepted standard for preparation and dosage.

Criticism: Skeptics argue that inconsistent quality control can lead to ineffective or even harmful outcomes.
Challenge: Establishing regulatory bodies or adopting guidelines like Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) is essential for gaining global credibility.

2. Limited Scientific Validation

it is primarily based on ancient texts and traditional knowledge passed down through generations. However, the lack of robust scientific evidence and clinical trials has hindered its global acceptance.

Criticism: Modern medical professionals often dismiss its practices due to the absence of peer-reviewed studies supporting their efficacy.
Challenge: Investments in research and collaboration with modern scientific institutions can help validate and integrate it into mainstream medicine.

3. Integration into Mainstream Healthcare

In many countries, traditional systems like Siddha are seen as complementary or alternative rather than primary healthcare options. This limits their scope and reach in addressing global health concerns.

Criticism: The lack of integration creates a divide between allopathy and traditional medicine, leading to mistrust among practitioners of both systems.
Challenge: Collaborative efforts to create hybrid models of care that respect both systems could pave the way for a more inclusive healthcare approach.

4. Toxic Metal Content in Medicines

its formulations often use minerals and metals like mercury, arsenic, and lead, which, when not properly processed, can pose health risks.

Criticism: Critics highlight that improper preparation or overuse of these medicines can lead to toxicity and adverse effects.
Challenge: Rigorous testing and adherence to traditional purification processes (sodhana) are vital to ensure the safety of its medicines.

5. Decline in Knowledge Transmission

The oral tradition of passing knowledge from guru to disciple has diminished significantly in modern times.

Criticism: With fewer practitioners mastering the ancient texts, there is a risk of losing valuable knowledge.
Challenge: Digitizing ancient texts and creating formal academic programs in Siddha medicine can preserve and disseminate this knowledge to future generations.

6. Competition from Modern Medicine

The rise of allopathic medicine and its rapid advancements have overshadowed traditional systems in terms of accessibility, effectiveness, and trust.

Criticism: it is often perceived as outdated or insufficient in handling acute or life-threatening conditions.
Challenge: Demonstrating its strengths in managing chronic illnesses, lifestyle disorders, and preventive care can highlight its relevance in modern healthcare.

7. Misuse and Commercialization

The growing demand for herbal and traditional medicines has led to the commercialization of its medicine, sometimes at the expense of authenticity.

Criticism: Mass production often overlooks the intricate preparation techniques outlined in its texts, leading to inferior products.
Challenge: Promoting ethical practices and preserving the traditional essence of its medicine can maintain its authenticity and efficacy.

8. Limited Awareness and Accessibility

Despite its rich heritage, its medicine remains relatively unknown outside South India and Tamil-speaking communities.

Criticism: A lack of awareness among the general public limits its adoption and acceptance.
Challenge: Efforts to promote through digital platforms, global conferences, and outreach programs can expand its reach.

9. Resistance from Modern Practitioners

Healthcare professionals trained in allopathy often express skepticism or outright resistance to traditional systems like Siddha.

Criticism: Some allopathic practitioners question the scientific basis and safety of its medicine, fueling a lack of collaboration.
Challenge: Educating modern practitioners about its principles and fostering mutual respect can bridge this gap.

10. Unqualified Practitioners

it faces criticism due to the prevalence of unqualified practitioners (quacks), especially in rural areas. The Supreme Court of India emphasized the dangers posed by such individuals in its 2018 judgment. Despite regulations, an estimated one million quacks operate in India, filling healthcare gaps in underserved regions.

11. Ethical Concerns in Animal Testing

Certain formulations involve animal-derived products, which raises ethical concerns in today’s context.

Criticism: Ethical standards in modern medicine demand cruelty-free and sustainable practices, which some Siddha methods may not align with.
Challenge: Finding plant-based or synthetic alternatives can address these concerns without compromising on efficacy.

Siddha in Modern Times

The Siddha system of medicine, an ancient Indian healing tradition, continues to hold relevance in modern times due to its holistic approach to health and wellness. Rooted in Tamil culture, Siddha focuses on balancing the body’s elements—Vatham, Pitham, and Kapham—through natural remedies, diet, and lifestyle practices. Modern advancements have integrated Siddha principles into complementary and alternative medicine, particularly in managing chronic ailments like arthritis, diabetes, and skin disorders.

Scientific research has started validating Siddha formulations, fostering wider acceptance globally. Additionally, Siddha therapies align with contemporary wellness trends, such as herbal medicine and detoxification, offering sustainable and natural healthcare solutions. Educational institutions and government initiatives further promote its study and practice. As people increasingly seek alternatives to conventional medicine, the Siddha system provides timeless wisdom for holistic healing, making it a valuable bridge between tradition and modern healthcare.

The Tamil Nadu government offers a 5.5-year BSMS course to promote Siddha medicine. Research centers like the Central Council for Research in Siddha and National Institute of Siddha focus on validating and advancing the system. Siddha medicine remains a crucial part of Tamil culture, practiced by vaithiyars and supported by initiatives to promote its use in healthcare.

Conclusion

Siddha medicine, with its deep-rooted philosophy, continues to be a significant part of India’s traditional healing systems. Despite modern challenges and criticism, it offers a unique perspective on holistic health, combining ancient wisdom with modern applications. By addressing its shortcomings and focusing on scientific validation, Siddha medicine can maintain its relevance in contemporary healthcare.

Siddha,10000 yrs old medicine: uses, benefits and its side effects