Introduction – Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Mulethi, also known as Licorice or Yashtimadhu in Sanskrit, is one of Ayurveda’s most celebrated herbs. Derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, this naturally sweet herb has been revered for centuries for its profound effects on the respiratory, digestive, and endocrine systems. Beyond its traditional uses, modern pharmacological studies affirm Mulethi’s multi-dimensional therapeutic potential—from being a potent anti-inflammatory agent to acting as a natural cortisol modulator.
In this comprehensive article, we will explore the historical legacy, botanical features, chemical constituents, medicinal applications, and scientifically supported benefits of this fascinating herb.
Table of Contents
Historical and Cultural Significance
Mulethi’s legacy stretches across cultures and continents. Ancient Egyptians used licorice root in their traditional beverages, while Chinese medicine has long revered it as a harmonizer herb—one that enhances the effects of other remedies. In India, Ayurveda considers Mulethi a “rasayana” (rejuvenator), used in formulations for respiratory ailments, voice enhancement, and gastric health.
The term Yashtimadhu literally means “sweet stick” in Sanskrit—highlighting both its taste and its traditional use as a chewable remedy for sore throats. From classical texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita to modern Ayurvedic pharmacopoeias, Mulethi is consistently recommended for disorders of Pitta and Vata dosha, throat irritation, peptic ulcers, and female reproductive health.
Botanical Description
- Botanical Name: Glycyrrhiza glabra
- Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
- Common Names: Licorice, Sweet Wood, Yashtimadhu, Athimadhuram
- Habitat: Native to the Mediterranean and parts of Asia, cultivated in India, Pakistan, Iran, and Southern Europe.
Morphological Features
Mulethi is a hardy, perennial herb growing up to 1–1.5 meters. It bears:
- Roots: Thick, long, and sweet—used for medicinal purposes.
- Leaves: Pinnate with 9–17 leaflets.
- Flowers: Purple to pale blue, pea-like.
- Fruits: Oblong pods with several seeds.
Phytochemical Composition – Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
| Constituent | Concentration | Health Function |
|---|---|---|
| Glycyrrhizin | 4–25g | Anti-inflammatory, expectorant, adrenal tonic |
| Flavonoids | 2–3g | Antioxidant, liver support |
| Saponins | 1.5–2g | Immune modulation, anti-ulcer |
| Glabridin | 0.5g | Antimicrobial, skin brightening |
| Coumarins | 0.3–0.5g | Circulatory support, anticoagulant |
| Protein | 6–8g | Cellular repair |
| Carbohydrates | 60–70g | Energy source |
| Fiber | 10–12g | Digestive support |
| Calcium | 300–350mg | Bone health |
| Iron | 8–10mg | Oxygen transport |
| Potassium | 700–800mg | Nerve function, heart rhythm |
| Vitamin C | 2–3mg | Immunity booster |
| Vitamin B1, B2, B3 | Trace | Nervous system and metabolism support |
Active Compounds in Mulethi – Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Mulethi’s pharmacological actions are primarily attributed to:
- Glycyrrhizin – A sweet-tasting triterpenoid saponin with cortisol-modulating and expectorant activity.
- Glabridin – A powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid.
- Liquiritin – A flavonoid glycoside with depigmenting and liver-protective activity.
- Isoflavones – Plant estrogens that support female hormonal balance.
- Licochalcone A – Exhibits antimicrobial and antimalarial effects.
Who Can Use Mulethi?
Mulethi is generally safe for:
- Adults with respiratory issues or digestive imbalances.
- Women with menstrual irregularities or PCOS.
- Students or professionals under high stress or fatigue.
- Singers, orators, and voice professionals for vocal clarity.
- Individuals with acid reflux, gastritis, or ulcers.
Precautions
- Avoid in hypertension, kidney disorders, or hypokalemia without supervision.
- Should not be taken continuously for more than 6 weeks without medical guidance.
Top 10 Uses of Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
| Application | Therapeutic Benefit |
|---|---|
| Cough & Cold Remedy | Soothes sore throat, reduces mucus, and clears chest congestion. |
| Gastric Ulcer Relief | Heals peptic ulcers and gastritis through mucosal protection. |
| Hormonal Balance | Regulates estrogen levels, supports PCOS and amenorrhea. |
| Adrenal Fatigue Support | Modulates cortisol and supports stress adaptation. |
| Liver Detoxification | Protects hepatocytes and reduces liver enzyme levels. |
| Skin Whitening | Inhibits melanin production; used in pigmentation creams. |
| Anti-inflammatory Agent | Useful in arthritis, eczema, and chronic inflammation. |
| Immunity Booster | Enhances immune response and reduces viral load. |
| Voice Clarity | Traditionally used by vocalists for smooth voice modulation. |
| Mouth Ulcers & Gum Health | Reduces inflammation and accelerates healing. |
15 Scientifically Validated Health Benefits of Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
- Cough Suppressant – Glycyrrhizin reduces inflammation in the respiratory tract and expels phlegm.
- Anti-ulcerogenic – Mulethi forms a protective lining in the stomach, healing ulcers.
- Anti-stress Adaptogen – Helps maintain adrenal function during chronic stress.
- Hepatoprotective – Shields the liver from toxins and enhances liver enzyme function.
- Anti-viral – Effective against hepatitis, herpes simplex, and influenza viruses.
- Menstrual Regulator – Supports hormonal regulation in women.
- Skin Lightening – Reduces pigmentation and is used in Ayurvedic skincare.
- Weight Management – Suppresses appetite and balances metabolism.
- Antioxidant Action – Neutralizes free radicals and supports cellular health.
- Cognitive Enhancer – Improves memory, learning, and mental clarity.
- Anti-cancer Properties – Studies show inhibitory effects on certain cancer cell lines.
- Blood Sugar Control – Shows mild hypoglycemic activity in Type 2 Diabetes.
- Joint & Muscle Pain Relief – Reduces inflammation and muscle spasms.
- Oral Hygiene – Treats gum inflammation and mouth ulcers.
- Male Fertility Support – Boosts testosterone levels and sperm quality.
Gender-Specific Use of Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
For Women
- Aids in treating PCOS, irregular menstruation, and menopausal discomfort.
- Beneficial for pregnancy nausea (in small, supervised doses).
- Promotes healthy, glowing skin due to its estrogenic and anti-inflammatory action.
For Men
- Acts as a natural testosterone booster when used in low doses.
- Improves stamina, supports fertility, and reduces oxidative stress.
Mulethi in Modern Research – Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Numerous clinical studies validate Mulethi’s efficacy:
- Respiratory Relief: A study published in Phytomedicine found that glycyrrhizin significantly improves lung function in chronic bronchitis patients.
- Gastric Ulcer Healing: Research in Journal of Ethnopharmacology confirms licorice’s mucosal healing properties.
- Liver Protection: In trials, Mulethi reduced ALT and AST liver enzyme levels in hepatitis patients.
- PCOS Management: A 2022 study in Ayurveda International suggested a synergistic effect of Mulethi and Shatavari on ovarian health.
- Antimicrobial Effect: Studies show inhibition of H. pylori, E. coli, and Candida albicans.
Traditional Ayurvedic Formulations Containing Mulethi
- Yashtimadhu Churna – Pure Mulethi powder for ulcers and sore throats.
- Khadirarishta – Blood purifier for skin disorders.
- Kantakari Avaleha – Respiratory tonic.
- Dashmoolarishta – Rejuvenative post-delivery tonic for women.
- Mulethi Ghanvati – Tablet form for ease of daily use.
How to Use Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
- Mulethi Powder – Mix ½ tsp with warm water, honey, or ghee. Use in face masks.
- Mulethi Tea – Boil crushed roots in water; ideal for sore throats and coughs.
- Licorice Capsules – Standardized extracts for stress or hormone balance.
- Topical Paste – Combine with sandalwood or rose water for pigmentation.
Conclusion – Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a treasure trove of healing virtues. Its sweet taste belies its powerful therapeutic effects—from soothing inflammation and regulating hormones to brightening the skin and calming the nerves. As research continues to validate traditional knowledge, this herb stands as a compelling example of Ayurveda’s wisdom converging with modern science.
Whether consumed as tea, powder, or extract, Mulethi proves to be a dependable ally for long-term wellness—when used with awareness and under professional guidance.
FAQs: Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
1. What is Glycyrrhiza glabra used for?
Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as mulethi or licorice root, is used in Ayurveda and modern herbal medicine for treating respiratory issues, digestive discomfort, sore throat, ulcers, hormonal imbalances, and as a general immune booster.
2. What is mulethi used for?
Mulethi is widely used for soothing cough, cold, and throat infections, improving digestion, reducing acidity, promoting clear skin, balancing hormones, and enhancing liver and adrenal gland function.
3. Is mulethi good for skin whitening?
Yes. Mulethi contains glabridin, a natural compound that inhibits melanin production and helps reduce pigmentation, making it beneficial for achieving a brighter, more even skin tone.
4. Can we drink mulethi water daily?
Mulethi water can be consumed daily in moderate amounts. It helps soothe digestion, boosts immunity, and supports respiratory health. However, long-term daily use should be done under guidance to avoid potential side effects.
5. Does mulethi have any side effects?
Yes. Overconsumption or prolonged use can lead to elevated blood pressure, water retention, low potassium levels, or hormonal disruptions. Individuals with heart or kidney issues should consult a physician before using it regularly.
6. Is mulethi good for kidneys?
In moderate doses, mulethi has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may support kidney health. However, excessive intake can cause fluid retention and hypertension, potentially stressing the kidneys.
7. What is the side effect of Glycyrrhiza?
Side effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra may include headaches, fatigue, high blood pressure, edema, and electrolyte imbalances—especially if consumed in high doses or for extended periods.
8. What is the common name of mulethi?
The common English name of mulethi is Licorice Root. Botanically, it is known as Glycyrrhiza glabra.
9. Is Glycyrrhiza glabra safe for skin?
Yes. When used topically, it is considered safe and beneficial for treating hyperpigmentation, inflammation, acne, and dullness. It’s widely used in herbal and Ayurvedic skincare formulations.
10. Is mulethi hot or cold?
Mulethi is considered to have a cooling effect (Sheetal Virya) in Ayurveda, making it beneficial in calming Pitta dosha and soothing inflammatory or heat-related conditions.
11. Does mulethi increase weight?
Mulethi does not directly cause weight gain. However, its ability to reduce stress (by supporting adrenal function) and modulate hormones may indirectly affect metabolism. In rare cases, water retention due to overuse might mimic weight gain.
